Course content (20 lessons)

1. Course Introduction: What is Digital Electronics-II? — Welcome to Digital Electronics-II Digital Electronics-II builds directly on the foundation of basic gates, Boolean algebra and K-maps. The focus now shifts from proving a logic…
2. Unit 1: Digital Codes & Error Detection / Correction — 1.1 Why do we need codes at all? Inside a digital system, everything is ultimately a string of 0s and 1s. A code is just a rule that tells us what each pattern of 0s and 1s means…
3. Unit 1: FET & Characteristics of Digital ICs — 2.1 Why FETs matter in digital electronics Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) were the first switching devices and still dominate older TTL ICs. Modern digital ICs — including…
4. Unit 1: TTL Logic Family & Schottky TTL — 3.1 The TTL story in one sentence Transistor–Transistor Logic (TTL) is a bipolar logic family in which the input is fed to the multi-emitter transistor of a transistor, and the…
5. Unit 1: CMOS Logic, CMOS ↔ TTL Interfacing & Tri-state — 4.1 The CMOS inverter revisited A single CMOS inverter contains exactly two MOSFETs: one PMOS connected to Vdd and one NMOS connected to GND, sharing both gate and drain. Recap…
6. Unit 1: Semiconductor Memories — RAM, ROM, EEPROM, Flash, PLA — 5.1 Why this lesson exists The four units in the syllabus list flow naturally, but Course Outcome 2 explicitly says the student must "acquire basic knowledge of digital logic…
7. Unit 2: Adders, Subtractors & BCD Arithmetic — 6.1 The half adder A half adder adds two bits A and B and produces two outputs: a Sum bit S and a Carry-out bit C. A B S C :-: :-: :-: :-: 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 It is…
8. Unit 2: Carry-Look-Ahead, Serial Adder & ALU Design — 7.1 Why ripple-carry is the wrong adder for fast circuits In an N-bit ripple-carry adder, Cout of stage i must propagate through every stage from 0 to i. So the worst-case carry…
9. Unit 2: MSI Building Blocks — Comparator, Parity & Code Converters — 8.1 What "MSI" means SSI (Small-Scale Integration) chips have 1–10 gates per package — single gates, flip-flops. MSI (Medium-Scale Integration) packs roughly 10–100 gates per…
10. Unit 2: Priority Encoders, Decoders & Display Drivers — 9.1 Encoders — turning many lines into few An encoder is the opposite of a decoder. It has 2^N inputs and N outputs; whichever single input is active, the output produces its…
11. Unit 2: Quine–McCluskey (Q-M) Method of Function Realization — 10.1 Why K-maps run out of steam A 3- or 4-variable K-map is easy to draw and minimise by inspection. But once you have 5 or more variables , the K-map either becomes 3-D (5…
12. Unit 3: Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters — 11.1 Flip-flop refresher — the four standard types Every sequential circuit in this course is built from one of four flip-flops. The characteristic table tells you Q next given…
13. Unit 3: Synchronous Counters & Counter Design — 12.1 Why synchronous beats asynchronous In a synchronous counter , all flip-flops are clocked by the same clock signal. Each flip-flop's J, K (or D, T) inputs are driven by…
14. Unit 3: Ring Counters, Sequence Generators & Asynchronous Sequential — 13.1 The plain ring counter A ring counter is a shift register whose serial output is fed back into its serial input. Initialise it with a single 1 followed by zeros and that 1…
15. Unit 3: Applications of Counters — 14.1 Frequency division A binary counter inherently divides its clock. An N-bit counter clocked at f produces an output Q {N-1} at f / 2^N . This is the most common application of…
16. Unit 4: Quantization, Encoding & Flash (Parallel Comparator) ADC — 15.1 Why we need ADCs Almost every quantity we want to measure — temperature, voltage, pressure, microphone audio — is analog . The world is continuous. But the CPU we want to…
17. Unit 4: Successive Approximation & Counting ADCs — 16.1 The successive approximation (SAR) ADC The SAR ADC is the workhorse of microcontroller-integrated ADCs . It converts in exactly N clock cycles for an N-bit output, using only…
18. Unit 4: Dual-Slope, V/F and V/T Converters — 17.1 Why integrating ADCs exist The flash, SAR and counting architectures all sample the input at a single instant. Their accuracy therefore depends on the input being clean at…
19. Unit 4: ADC Specifications, Example ICs & Course Wrap-up — 18.1 ADC specifications you must be able to read off a datasheet Resolution (N bits) The number of distinct output codes is 2^N . Resolution alone does not guarantee accuracy — a…
20. End-Term Paper: Digital Electronics-II (2024 Sample) — Digital Electronics-II — Full mock end-term examination in the standard YMCA university pattern. Three-hour duration, 75 marks for theory, 25 marks sessional (total 100). Question…

Course Introduction: What is Digital Electronics-II?

Welcome to Digital Electronics-II

Digital Electronics-II builds directly on the foundation of basic gates, Boolean algebra and K-maps. The focus now shifts from proving a logic function on paper to building it physically using real ICs — and from there to designing complete combinational systems, sequential machines, semiconductor memories, and the converters that connect the digital world to the analog one.

Where each unit fits

Unit I is the physical layer — which technology family the gates are built from, what their voltage levels, fan-out and propagation delays look like, how to make a TTL chip talk safely to a CMOS chip, and how the same FETs are arranged to make RAM and ROM. Unit II is the arithmetic and decision-making layer — adders, comparators, code converters, ALUs and the Quine–McCluskey method used when K-maps run out of room. Unit III turns those gates into circuits with memory — counters that tick, ring generators that walk a "1" around their stages, and sequence generators that produce a precise binary pattern on demand. Unit IV closes the loop by digitising real-world analog signals with flash, successive-approximation, counting and dual-slope ADCs.

How this course is organised

Each unit is split into 4–6 focused lessons. Every lesson sticks to one tight theme, so the topics in your syllabus map cleanly onto specific lessons:

| Applications of counters | Unit III → "Applications of Cou

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Frequently asked questions

Is the Digital Electronics-II course really free?

Yes. The entire Digital Electronics-II course on Siksha Sarovar is free to read with no account required. You can optionally sign in with Google to save your progress.

Do I get a certificate for Digital Electronics-II?

Yes — finish the lessons and pass the quiz to earn a free, verifiable certificate you can share on LinkedIn or with recruiters.

Can I run code while learning?

Yes. The built-in online compiler runs C, C++, Python, Java, PHP, JavaScript, C# and SQL directly in your browser — no installation needed.