Siksha Sarovar

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3.1 Biodiversity: Concept & Levels

Lesson 16 of 30 in the free Environmental Studies notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

Definition

Biodiversity (Biological Diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth. It includes diversity at all levels of biological organization:

  • Genes (Genetic)
  • Species (Species)
  • Ecosystems (Ecological)

Levels of Biodiversity

1. Genetic Diversity

  • Variation of genes within a species.
  • Example: 50,000 varieties of Rice and 1,000 varieties of Mango in India.
  • Significance: Helps species adapt to changing environments. (e.g., Disease-resistant rice).

2. Species Diversity

  • Variety of species within a region.
  • Measurement:
  • Species Richness: Number of different species.
  • Species Evenness: Relative abundance of each species.
  • Example: Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.

3. Ecosystem Diversity

  • Variety of ecosystems in a given area.
  • Example: India has deserts, rainforests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, and alpine meadows. (Very high ecosystem diversity).
  • Comparison: Norway (mostly scenic fjords) has lower ecosystem diversity than India.