Siksha Sarovar

Siksha Sarovar (sikshasarovar.com) is a free educational web application that helps students in India learn programming and prepare for academic and competitive exams. The platform offers structured coding courses (C, C++, Python, Java, HTML, CSS, PHP, Power BI, AI, Machine Learning, Data Science), complete university curriculum notes for BCA/MCA students with previous year question papers, Class 10 and Class 12 CBSE/HBSE school notes, and dedicated preparation material for SSC, UPSC, Banking, Railway and other government exams. Browsing the site is completely free and requires no account. Users may optionally sign in with Google solely to save their learning progress, quiz scores and personal preferences across devices.

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Siksha Sarovar is a free e-learning platform for coding courses, BCA university notes and competitive exam preparation. Optional Google sign-in saves your learning progress across devices.

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3.2 India as Mega-Diversity Nation

Lesson 17 of 30 in the free Environmental Studies notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

Global Status

India is one of the 17 Mega-diverse countries in the world.

  • With only 2.4% of the world's land area, India accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species.

Biogeographic Zones of India

To study this vast diversity, India is divided into 10 Biogeographic Zones:

  1. Trans-Himalaya (Cold Desert, Ladakh)
  2. Himalaya (Alpine/Temperate Forest)
  3. Desert (Thar, Kutch)
  4. Semi-Arid (Punjab, Gujarat)
  5. Western Ghats (Biodiversity Hotspot)
  6. Deccan Peninsula (Largest zone - Central India)
  7. Gangetic Plain (Fertile, densely populated)
  8. Coasts (Mangroves, Beaches)
  9. North-East (Biodiversity Hotspot)
  10. Islands (Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep)

Biodiversity Hotspots

A "Hotspot" is a region with:

  1. High Endemism (>1500 endemic vascular plants).
  2. High Threat (>70% habitat loss).

India's Hotspots:

  • Himalaya (Entire range).
  • Indo-Burma (North-East India).
  • Western Ghats & Sri Lanka.
  • Sundaland (Nicobar Islands).