Magic Method: __set()

The __set() method is called automatically when assigning a value to an inaccessible property.

class Test {
   private $data;

   public function __set($name, $value){
      $this->$name = $value;
   }
}
$obj = new Test();
$obj->data = 10;

Exam Tip: __set() is used for controlled property assignment.

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Object Cloning and Copy

Object Copy

Assigning object copies reference.

$o2 = $o1;

Object Cloning

Creates a new copy.

$o2 = clone $o1;

__clone() Method

class Sample {
   public function __clone() {
      echo "Object Cloned";
   }
}

Exam Line: clone creates a shallow copy of an object.

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Reflection in PHP

Reflection allows inspecting classes, methods, and properties at runtime.

ReflectionClass Example

$class = new ReflectionClass('Student');
echo $class->getName();

Uses of Reflection

• Frameworks
• Debugging
• Dependency Injection
• Code analysis

Exam Definition: Reflection is the ability to examine program structure at runtime.

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Helper Functions (Common OOP Helpers)

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Advantages of OOP in PHP

• Code reusability
• Data security
• Easy maintenance
• Better scalability
• Real-world modeling