Siksha Sarovar

Siksha Sarovar (sikshasarovar.com) is a free educational web application that helps students in India learn programming and prepare for academic and competitive exams. The platform offers structured coding courses (C, C++, Python, Java, HTML, CSS, PHP, Power BI, AI, Machine Learning, Data Science), complete university curriculum notes for BCA/MCA students with previous year question papers, Class 10 and Class 12 CBSE/HBSE school notes, and dedicated preparation material for SSC, UPSC, Banking, Railway and other government exams. Browsing the site is completely free and requires no account. Users may optionally sign in with Google solely to save their learning progress, quiz scores and personal preferences across devices.

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Siksha Sarovar
Your Learning Universe

Siksha Sarovar is a free e-learning platform for coding courses, BCA university notes and competitive exam preparation. Optional Google sign-in saves your learning progress across devices.

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HTML Text Formatting and Links

Lesson 4 of 34 in the free Web Technologies notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

HTML Text Formatting and Links

Text Formatting Tags

HTML provides a rich set of tags for formatting text:

<b>Bold text</b>
<strong>Important bold text</strong>
<i>Italic text</i>
<em>Emphasized italic text</em>
<u>Underlined text</u>
<s>Strikethrough text</s>
<mark>Highlighted text</mark>
<small>Small text</small>
<sup>Superscript</sup> and <sub>Subscript</sub>
<code>Inline code</code>
<pre>Preformatted text</pre>
<blockquote>Block quotation</blockquote>
<q>Inline quotation</q>
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>

Semantic vs Presentational Tags

TagTypeMeaning
<strong>SemanticStrong importance
<b>PresentationalBold (no special meaning)
<em>SemanticEmphasis
<i>PresentationalItalic (no special meaning)

Prefer semantic tags for accessibility and SEO.

Hyperlinks

The anchor tag <a> creates hyperlinks:

<!-- External link -->
<a href="https://www.google.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google</a>

<!-- Internal link -->
<a href="/about.html">About Us</a>

<!-- Email link -->
<a href="mailto:info@example.com">Email Us</a>

<!-- Phone link -->
<a href="tel:+911234567890">Call Us</a>

<!-- Anchor link (same page) -->
<a href="#section2">Go to Section 2</a>
<h2 id="section2">Section 2</h2>

Link Attributes

AttributeValuesPurpose
hrefURLDestination
target_blank, _selfWhere to open
relnoopener, nofollowRelationship
downloadfilenameDownload link

Special Characters (HTML Entities)

EntityDisplay
&&
<<
>>
&nbsp;Non-breaking space
&copy;©
&reg;®

Preformatted Text

<pre>
  This   text
  preserves   spacing
  and line breaks.
</pre>
Key Takeaway: HTML text formatting tags add meaning and style to content. Prefer semantic tags (<strong>, <em>) over purely visual ones. Hyperlinks with proper attributes are essential for navigation and SEO.