Siksha Sarovar

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DM Act 2005 & Institutions

Lesson 22 of 38 in the free Disaster Management notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

Disaster Management Act, 2005

The DM Act 2005 is the most important legal framework for disaster management in India. It was passed on 23rd December 2005.

Objective: To provide for the effective management of disasters and for matters connected therewith. It shifted the focus from "Relief" to "Proactive Prevention".

Institutional Mechanism (The 3-Tier Structure)

1. National Level: NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority)

  • Head: Prime Minister of India.
  • Role: Apex body. lays down policies, plans, and guidelines for DM. Coordinates at the national level.

2. State Level: SDMA (State Disaster Management Authority)

  • Head: Chief Minister of the State.
  • Role: Lays down the state disaster management policy and approves the state plan.

3. District Level: DDMA (District Disaster Management Authority)

  • Head: District Magistrate / Collector / DC.
  • Role: The actual implementing body on the ground. Responsible for planning, coordinating, and implementing DM measures in the district.

Additional Bodies

  • NEC (National Executive Committee): Headed by Home Secretary. Assists NDMA.
  • NDRF (National Disaster Response Force): Specialized force for disaster response (the "Orange Uniform" heroes).
  • NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management): Responsible for training, research, and capacity building.

Financial Mechanism

1. NDRF (National Disaster Response Fund):

  • Fund managed by the Central Govt for emergency response in case of a severe disaster.

2. SDRF (State Disaster Response Fund):

  • Primary fund available with State Govts.
  • Contribution: 75% by Centre, 25% by State (90:10 for special category states).

3. National & State Disaster Mitigation Funds:

  • Dedicated funds for mitigation projects (reducing risks), distinct from response funds.