Siksha Sarovar

Siksha Sarovar (sikshasarovar.com) is a free educational web application that helps students in India learn programming and prepare for academic and competitive exams. The platform offers structured coding courses (C, C++, Python, Java, HTML, CSS, PHP, Power BI, AI, Machine Learning, Data Science), complete university curriculum notes for BCA/MCA students with previous year question papers, Class 10 and Class 12 CBSE/HBSE school notes, and dedicated preparation material for SSC, UPSC, Banking, Railway and other government exams. Browsing the site is completely free and requires no account. Users may optionally sign in with Google solely to save their learning progress, quiz scores and personal preferences across devices.

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Siksha Sarovar
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Siksha Sarovar is a free e-learning platform for coding courses, BCA university notes and competitive exam preparation. Optional Google sign-in saves your learning progress across devices.

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1. Web Concepts & Environment

Lesson 1 of 30 in the free HTML notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

Web Design

Definition: Web design is the process of creating websites. It encompasses several different aspects, including webpage layout, content production, and graphic design.

The Internet vs. The WWW

Many people use the terms "Internet" and "World Wide Web" (WWW) interchangeably, but they are different things.

Definition

  • The Internet: A massive network of networks. It connects millions of computers globally. It is the hardware (cables, routers, servers).
  • The World Wide Web (WWW): A way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is the software (pages, sites, links).

Difference Table

FeatureThe InternetThe World Wide Web (WWW)
NatureHardware (Network of Networks)Software (Information Space)
OriginLate 1960s (ARPANET)1989 (Tim Berners-Lee)
FunctionConnects computersConnects documents/pages
ProtocolTCP/IPHTTP/HTTPS

Web Page

Definition: A web page (or webpage) is a document for the World Wide Web that is identified by a unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and is written in HTML.

  • Website: A collection of related web pages.

Front End vs Back End

Front End: Front-end developers focus on designing the physical appearance of websites with front-end programming languages. The visual aspect of a website is the result of front-end development — including fonts, colors, layout, and graphics.

  • Technology Used: HTML, CSS, JavaScript.

Back End: Back-end developers create the structure or logic of a website by using server-side programming languages. They write code that tells the website how to bring the front-end programming languages alive in the browser.

  • Technology Used: Python, Java, Ruby, PHP.

Scripting Types

Client-Side Scripting: Scripting that runs in the user's browser (e.g., JavaScript).

  • Enhances user experience instantly (alerts, validation).
  • Minimizes server requests.
  • Uses HTML/CSS/JS.

Server-Side Scripting: Scripting that runs on the web server (e.g., PHP, Node.js).

  • Handles databases and customizes content.
  • Essential for dynamic sites (e-commerce, logins).

Website Types

Static Website:

  • Prebuilt source code (HTML/CSS/JS).
  • No server-side processing or database interaction.
  • Fast and low cost, but content is fixed.

Dynamic Website:

  • Generated at runtime based on user demand.
  • Interacts with databases.
  • Slower but allows updates and personalization.

Responsiveness

It is called responsive web design when you use CSS and HTML to resize, hide, shrink, enlarge, or move the content to make it look good on any screen (desktops, tablets, phones).

Setting Up Environment (VS Code)

  1. Download: Search "VS Code download" and get the installer for your OS.
  2. Install: Run installer, accept license, choose paths.
  3. Launch: Open VS Code from Start menu.

File Creation:

  • Create new file: Ctrl+N
  • Save file: Ctrl+S (Save as .html)