Topics covered (13)

1. Physics: Mechanics, Kinematics & Dynamics — 1. Units and Dimensions Measurement is the comparison of an unknown quantity with a known standard. - Fundamental Quantities (SI): Length (m), Mass (kg), Time (s), Electric…
2. Gravitation & Properties of Matter — 1. Universal Law of Gravitation Every mass attracts every other mass with a force: $F = G rac{m 1 m 2}{r^2}$. - G (Gravitational Constant): $6.67 imes 10^{-11} ext{ Nm}^2/…
3. Thermodynamics, Waves & Optics — 1. Heat and Thermodynamics - Temperature Scales: C/5 = (F-32)/9 = (K-273)/5. - Laws of Thermodynamics: - Zeroth Law: Defines temperature. - First Law: Delta Q = Delta U + Delta W…
4. Electricity, Magnetism & Modern Physics — 1. Electrostatics and Current Electricity - Coulomb's Law: F = k q 1 q 2 / r^2. - Ohm's Law: V = IR. Resistance R = ho l / A. - Electric Power: P = VI = I^2 R = V^2 / R. -…
5. Chemistry: Atomic Structure & Periodic Table — 1. Atomic Models and Structure - Dalton's Theory: Atom is indivisible (proven wrong later). - Thomson Model: Plum pudding model. - Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment: Discovered the…
6. Chemical Bonding & Acids, Bases, Salts — 1. Chemical Bonding - Octet Rule: Atoms combine to achieve 8 electrons in their outer shell. - Ionic Bond: Complete transfer of electrons (High melting point, conduct electricity…
7. Metals, Non-metals & Metallurgy — 1. Properties of Metals - Malleable, Ductile, Lustrous, and Sonorous. - Good conductors of heat and electricity (Silver is best). - Highly reactive metals are found as ores…
8. Organic Chemistry & Chemistry in Daily Life — 1. Carbon and its Compounds - Catenation: Carbon's ability to form long chains. - Allotropes: - Diamond: Hardest, 3D structure. - Graphite: Soft, layered, conductor. - Fullerene:…
9. Biology: Cytology, Genetics & Classification — 1. Cell Biology (Cytology) The cell is the basic functional and structural unit of life. - Cell Membrane: Plasma membrane (Semi-permeable). - Cell Wall: Found only in plant cells…
10. Human Physiology: Systems & Health — 1. Digestive System - Mouth (Amylase) → Oesophagus → Stomach (HCl, Pepsin) → Small Intestine (Absorption) → Large Intestine. - Liver: Largest gland, secretes Bile (emulsifies…
11. Vitamins, Minerals & Deficiency Diseases — 1. Fat-Soluble Vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body and are frequently asked in SSC General Science. Vitamin Chemical Name Major Sources Main Function Deficiency…
12. Important Chemical Compounds & Their Uses — 1. Common Chemical Compounds in Daily Life SSC frequently asks common name ↔ chemical formula questions. Common Name Chemical Name / Formula Important Use --- --- --- Common salt…
13. Human Diseases, Pathogens & Immunity — 1. Viral Diseases Disease Pathogen / Agent Spread / Vector --- --- --- Polio Poliovirus Contaminated food and water Dengue Dengue virus Aedes mosquito COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Droplet…

Physics: Mechanics, Kinematics & Dynamics

1. Units and Dimensions

Measurement is the comparison of an unknown quantity with a known standard.

• Fundamental Quantities (SI): Length (m), Mass (kg), Time (s), Electric Current (A), Thermodynamic Temperature (K), Amount of Substance (mol), and Luminous Intensity (cd).
• Supplementary Units: Plane angle (radian), Solid angle (steradian).
• Significant Figures: The reliable digits plus the first uncertain digit. Rules for addition/multiplication must be followed in numericals.

2. Motion in One and Two Dimensions

• Scalar vs Vector: Scalars have only magnitude (Speed, Distance, Mass). Vectors have magnitude and direction (Velocity, Displacement, Force).
• Equations of Motion (Constant Acceleration):

1. v = u + at
2. s = ut + ½at^2
3. v^2 = u^2 + 2as

• Projectile Motion: Motion under gravity in two dimensions.
• Time of Flight: T = (2u sinθ) / g
• Maximum Height: H = (u^2 sin^2θ) / 2g
• Horizontal Range: R = (u^2 sin2θ) / g (Maximum at 45°).

3. Newton's Laws of Motion & Friction

• 1st Law (Inertia): Inability of a body to change its state of rest or motion by itself. Types: Inertia of Rest, Motion, and Direction.
• 2nd Law: F = dp/dt = ma. The rate of change of momentum is proportional to applied force.
• 3rd Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. (Conservation of Linear Momentum).
• Friction: Opposition to relative motion.
• Static Friction (f_s): Self-adjusting force.
• Kinetic Friction (f_k): Always less than limiting friction.
• Rolling Friction: Minimum among all types.

4. Work, Energy and Power

• Work: $W = ec{F} cdot ec{s} = Fs cosθ$. Zero work if force is perpendicular to displacement (e.g., circular motion).
• Energy: Capacity to do work.
• Kinetic Energy: K = ½mv^2 = p^2/2m.
• Potential Energy: U = mgh (Gravitational), ½kx^2 (Spring).
• Power: Rate of doing work (P = W/t). SI Unit: Watt (1 HP = 746 Watts).

Key points

• Displacement can be positive, negative, or zero, but distance is always positive
• Acceleration of a falling body is independent of its mass (in vacuum)
• Impulse = Change in Momentum = Force × Time
• Coefficient of friction has no units
• In elastic collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved

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