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Practical 13: Measures of Central Tendency & Frequency Distribution — Statistical Analysis using Excel Lab Notes

Program Statement

Calculate Mean, Median, Mode and create a Frequency Distribution table with Relative Frequency.

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Dataset: Marks of 25 Students

S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks
1	45	10	78	19	67
2	60	11	55	20	82
3	72	12	90	21	48
4	38	13	63	22	74
5	85	14	77	23	59
6	52	15	42	24	93
7	68	16	88	25	66
8	91	17	50
9	34	18	73

(Marks stored in B2:B26)

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Task a: Measures of Central Tendency

=== Mean ===
=AVERAGE(B2:B26)
→ Add all marks and divide by 25

=== Median ===
=MEDIAN(B2:B26)
→ Middle value when data is sorted

=== Mode ===
=MODE(B2:B26)
→ Most frequently occurring value
(If no repeated values, use MODE.MULT for multiple modes)

Interpretation:

Mean represents the average performance of the class
Median is not affected by extreme values (outliers) — better for skewed data
Mode shows the most common score in the class

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Task b: Frequency Distribution with Relative Frequency

Step 1: Define Class Intervals

Class Interval	Frequency	Relative Frequency
30–40	(count)	Frequency / Total
41–50	(count)	Frequency / Total
51–60	(count)	Frequency / Total
61–70	(count)	Frequency / Total
71–80	(count)	Frequency / Total
81–90	(count)	Frequency / Total
91–100	(count)	Frequency / Total
Total	25	1.00 (100%)

Step 2: Frequency Formula (COUNTIFS)

=== Frequency for 30–40 ===
=COUNTIFS(B2:B26,">=30",B2:B26,"<=40")

=== Frequency for 41–50 ===
=COUNTIFS(B2:B26,">=41",B2:B26,"<=50")

=== Frequency for 51–60 ===
=COUNTIFS(B2:B26,">=51",B2:B26,"<=60")

=== Frequency for 61–70 ===
=COUNTIFS(B2:B26,">=61",B2:B26,"<=70")

=== Frequency for 71–80 ===
=COUNTIFS(B2:B26,">=71",B2:B26,"<=80")

=== Frequency for 81–90 ===
=COUNTIFS(B2:B26,">=81",B2:B26,"<=90")

=== Frequency for 91–100 ===
=COUNTIFS(B2:B26,">=91",B2:B26,"<=100")

Step 3: Relative Frequency Formula

=== Relative Frequency (assuming total in D9) ===
=D2/SUM(D$2:D$8)    [drag down for each row]

=== As Percentage ===
=D2/SUM(D$2:D$8)*100

Tip: Format Relative Frequency column as Percentage (Home → Number → %)

S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks
1	45	10	78	19	67
2	60	11	55	20	82
3	72	12	90	21	48
4	38	13	63	22	74
5	85	14	77	23	59
6	52	15	42	24	93
7	68	16	88	25	66
8	91	17	50
9	34	18	73

S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks
1	45	10	78	19	67
2	60	11	55	20	82
3	72	12	90	21	48
4	38	13	63	22	74
5	85	14	77	23	59
6	52	15	42	24	93
7	68	16	88	25	66
8	91	17	50
9	34	18	73

S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks	S.No	Marks
1	45	10	78	19	67
2	60	11	55	20	82
3	72	12	90	21	48
4	38	13	63	22	74
5	85	14	77	23	59
6	52	15	42	24	93
7	68	16	88	25	66
8	91	17	50
9	34	18	73