Unit I — Overview: OOP Paradigm & C++ Basics

Unit I lays the conceptual and language foundations:

1. OOP paradigm — procedural vs OOP, four pillars, benefits
2. C vs C++ — what C++ adds, why migrate
3. C++ basics — stream I/O, literals, operators, reference variables
4. Functions in C++ — default arguments, parameter passing (value/reference/pointer), inline functions, type conversion
5. Memory management — new and delete operators, dynamic memory allocation for arrays

Learning outcomes

After Unit I you should be able to:

• Differentiate procedural and object-oriented programming
• List the four pillars of OOP with examples
• Identify what C++ adds beyond C
• Write programs using cin/cout, references, default arguments
• Explain inline functions and their use cases
• Use new/delete for dynamic memory (including arrays)

Topic map

Chapter mapping (IPU)

• TB1 (Venugopal): Chapters 1, 2
• TB2 (Balagurusamy): Chapters 1, 2, 3

Typical exam weight

Unit I usually contributes 2 long questions:

• Differentiate procedural and object-oriented programming. List benefits of OOP. — 12.5 marks
• Differentiate new / delete and malloc / free. — 12.5 marks
• What is a reference variable? How is it different from a pointer? — short answer
• Explain inline functions with example. — short answer
• What are default arguments? Give example. — short answer