Siksha Sarovar

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4.5 Technical Review: Scalability vs. Granularity

Lesson 28 of 34 in the free High Speed Networks notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

4.5.1 IntServ vs. DiffServ Comparison Table

FeatureIntServDiffServ
GranularityPer-FlowPer-Aggregate Class
SignalingRSVP RequiredNone (SLA based)
StateHigh (Per-flow state)Low (Per-class state)
ScalabilityPoor (Edge only)Excellent (Core/Backbone)
Guarantee"Hard" Absolute"Soft" Statistical

4.5.2 Advanced Scheduling: GPS Fluid Approximation

GPS ($R_i = w_i / sum w_j imes C$) is the mathematical asymptote that all real fair queuing algorithms (WFQ, SCFQ, DRR) try to reach.

4.5.3 Deficit Round Robin (DRR)

In Multi-Gigabit routers, calculating Finishing Times ($O(log N)$) is too slow.

  • DRR Solution: Give each queue a "Quantum" of bytes. Maintain a "Deficit Counter."
  • If $Packet_Size leq Quantum + Deficit$, send packet and update deficit.
  • Efficiency: $O(1)$ complexity per packet, making it the standard for 100Gbps interfaces.

3.5.4 Integrated Services Case Study

Modern IntServ is found primarily in Real-Time Control Systems (e.g., Airplane avionics or Power Grid control) where the flow count is small but the penalty for a single late packet is catastrophic.