Siksha Sarovar

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1.1 Multidisciplinary Nature & Components

Lesson 2 of 30 in the free Environmental Studies notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

Multidisciplinary Nature

Environmental Studies is not an isolated subject; it is a convergence of multiple disciplines. It is the science of physical phenomena in the environment.

DisciplineContribution
Life SciencesBiology, Botany, Zoology help study biotic components, their interactions, and physiological adaptations.
Physical SciencesChemistry helps in analyzing pollutants (air/water); Physics helps in understanding thermodynamics and energy flow.
Mathematics & StatsUsed for data analysis and modeling (e.g., population growth, pollution dispersion models).
Social SciencesSociology, Economics, and Law are crucial for understanding the human dimension, resource management, and environmental legislation.
EngineeringCivil, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering provide technical solutions for waste treatment and pollution control.

Components of Environment

The environment is broadly divided into four interacting spheres:

1. Atmosphere (The Air)

  • The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth, held by gravity.
  • Composition: Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.9%), CO2 (0.04%).
  • Structure:
  • Troposphere (0-12km): Weather happens here. Humans live here.
  • Stratosphere (12-50km): Contains the Ozone layer (O3) which protects us from UV rays.
  • Mesosphere & Thermosphere: Upper layers.

2. Hydrosphere (The Water)

  • Includes all water on Earth in liquid, solid (ice), and gaseous (vapor) forms.
  • Distribution: 97% is Saline (Oceans); only 3% is Fresh water (and most of that is locked in glaciers!).

3. Lithosphere (The Land)

  • The solid cool crust of the earth and the rigid upper mantle.
  • It consists of rocks, minerals, and soil which provide the substrate for life and nutrients for plants.

4. Biosphere (The Life)

  • The narrow zone where Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere meet and interact to support life.
  • It extends from the floor of the deepest ocean to the highest mountain peak.