Role of Government

1. Central Government:

• Role: Supportive. Provides financial, logistical, and technical support.
• Deployment: Sends Army, Air Force, and NDRF when the state capacity is overwhelmed.

2. State Government:

• Role: Primary Responsibility. Law and order is a state subject.
• Action: Declares disaster, mobilizes state machinery, distributes relief.

3. Local Government (Panchayats & Municipalities):

• Role: First Responders.
• Action: Immediate rescue, sanitation, providing local shelter.

Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

• Bridging the Gap: Reaching areas where the government cannot reach immediately.
• Specialized Services: Medical camps, Psycho-social care.
• Advocacy: Raising awareness about rights and safety.
• Rehabilitation: Often stay back long after the media leaves to help rebuild homes.

Role of Inter-Governmental Agencies (International)

1. UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction):

• Global focal point for DRR.
• Oversees the implementation of the Sendai Framework.

2. World Bank & ADB:

• Provide loans and funding for large reconstruction projects and mitigation infrastructure.

3. UNOCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs):

• Coordinates international relief efforts during major catastrophes.