Pre-Disaster: Prevention & Preparedness

This phase includes all activities done before a disaster strikes to reduce its impact.

1. Risk Assessment and Analysis

• Identifying potential hazards (e.g., Is this area prone to earthquakes?).
• Analyzing vulnerability (e.g., Are houses weak?).
• Evaluating capacity (e.g., Do we have hospitals nearby?).

2. Risk Mapping & Zonation

• Risk Mapping: Creating maps that show high-risk areas (Red zones) and safe areas (Green zones).
• Zonation: Dividing a region into zones based on risk levels (e.g., Seismic Zone 5 is most dangerous for earthquakes).
• Microzonation: Very detailed mapping of a small area (like a single city) to know specific soil types and risks.

3. Prevention and Mitigation

• Prevention: Stopping a disaster from happening (e.g., Building a dam to prevent floods).
• Mitigation: Reducing the severity (e.g., Earthquake-resistant buildings).

4. Early Warning System (EWS)

• Using technology to detect disasters early.
• Example: Tsunami buoys in the ocean, Cyclone tracking satellites.
• Goal: Inform people in advance so they can evacuate.

5. Capacity Development & Awareness

• Training: Teaching people how to use fire extinguishers.
• Awareness: School drills, TV ads about safety.