Siksha Sarovar

Siksha Sarovar (sikshasarovar.com) is a free educational web application that helps students in India learn programming and prepare for academic and competitive exams. The platform offers structured coding courses (C, C++, Python, Java, HTML, CSS, PHP, Power BI, AI, Machine Learning, Data Science), complete university curriculum notes for BCA/MCA students with previous year question papers, Class 10 and Class 12 CBSE/HBSE school notes, and dedicated preparation material for SSC, UPSC, Banking, Railway and other government exams. Browsing the site is completely free and requires no account. Users may optionally sign in with Google solely to save their learning progress, quiz scores and personal preferences across devices.

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Siksha Sarovar is a free e-learning platform for coding courses, BCA university notes and competitive exam preparation. Optional Google sign-in saves your learning progress across devices.

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Services of Internet

Lesson 2 of 30 in the free Cloud Computing notes on Siksha Sarovar, written by Rohit Jangra.

Services of the Internet

The cloud did not emerge from a vacuum. It was built on top of decades of internet infrastructure development. Understanding the core services of the internet helps explain how cloud platforms became possible and what they abstract away from developers and businesses.

Core Internet Services

1. World Wide Web (HTTP/HTTPS)

The web is the most visible internet service. Based on the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), it enables browsers to request and render documents from web servers. HTTPS adds TLS encryption. Cloud platforms like AWS CloudFront and Azure CDN are direct evolutions of web hosting infrastructure.

2. Electronic Mail (SMTP/IMAP/POP3)

Email was one of the first "killer apps" of the internet. Protocols like SMTP (sending) and IMAP/POP3 (receiving) underpin billions of messages daily. Cloud email services such as Gmail (Google Workspace) and Microsoft 365 are managed cloud versions of these protocols at massive scale.

3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP/SFTP)

FTP enabled the transfer of large files between hosts. It is the conceptual ancestor of modern cloud object storage. AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, and Google Cloud Storage are cloud-native replacements for FTP servers — offering durability, versioning, and global access without managing a server.

4. Domain Name System (DNS)

DNS translates human-readable domain names (e.g., example.com) into IP addresses. Without DNS, cloud services could not be reliably addressed. Cloud DNS services like AWS Route 53 and Azure DNS add health checks, geo-routing, and failover on top of the classic protocol.

5. Streaming (RTP/HLS/DASH)

Audio and video streaming protocols enabled real-time media delivery. Cloud platforms extended this into massive-scale services: Netflix runs entirely on AWS, using adaptive bitrate streaming to serve 200+ million subscribers globally.

The Convergence: From Internet Services to Cloud Platforms

Internet ServiceProtocolCloud Evolution
Web HostingHTTP/HTTPSAWS EC2, Azure App Service
File TransferFTP/SFTPAWS S3, Google Cloud Storage
EmailSMTP/IMAPGoogle Workspace, Microsoft 365
DNSUDP/53AWS Route 53, Azure DNS
StreamingRTP/HLSAWS MediaLive, Azure Media Services

Key Takeaway

Every foundational internet service has a cloud-native counterpart. Cloud computing did not replace the internet — it built upon it, abstracting complexity so developers can focus on applications rather than infrastructure. The protocols you see above still run under the hood of every major cloud platform today.