3. Logical Operators

Used to build complex conditions by combining multiple relational expressions.

Short-Circuit Evaluation (Crucial for Safety):

• AND (&&): If the left side is False, C doesn't even look at the right side (because the whole thing is already False).
• OR (||): If the left side is True, C skips the right side (because the whole thing is already True).
• Example: if (x != 0 && 10/x > 2). If x is 0, the first part is False, and C skips the second part, preventing a "Division by Zero" crash!

4. Assignment Operators

Used to store values in variables.

• Standard (=): x = 10; (Read as: "Assign 10 to x", not "x equals 10").
• Compound Assignments: Combine an operation with assignment to save typing.
• x += 5 is the same as x = x + 5
• x -= 2 is the same as x = x - 2
• x = 3 is the same as x = x 3
• x /= 4 is the same as x = x / 4

5. Increment (++) and Decrement (--)

Extremely common in loops. They add or subtract 1 from a variable.

• Prefix (++x): Increment the variable first, then use it in the calculation.
• Postfix (x++): Use the current value in the calculation, then increment the variable.

int a = 5;
int b = a++; // b is 5, then a becomes 6
int c = ++a; // a becomes 7, then c is 7

6. The sizeof Operator

This is a unique operator that tells you how many bytes of memory a variable or data type occupies.

printf("%zu", sizeof(int)); // Usually prints 4

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

A one-line if-else statement. Syntax: condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false;

int max = (a > b) ? a : b;

Logical operators work on "Boolean Logic" (0 or 1), while bitwise operators (which we'll see later) work on the individual 0s and 1s inside the binary representation of the number.